The China Trade Act Of 2000 Essay Example for Free

The China Trade Act Of 2000 Essay The China Trade Act of 2000 was acquainted in Congress with permit organized commerce with China likewise with other supported countries. Exchange with socialist nations was at present permitted uniquely on a year-to-year premise under the Trade Act of 1974, not at all like the perpetual premise offered different nations. Numerous individuals from the business network, and afterward President Clinton needed this specification lifted once China joined the World Trade Organization, which was anticipated. This necessary a demonstration of Congress. Since Republicans normally favor large business, this united President Clinton (D) with numerous Republicans and against numerous individuals from his own gathering, just as trade guilds. The president wanted to push this bill through before his term in office finished. Clinton accumulated help for this bill by talking with many legislators, either separately, in gatherings or by telephone. A $10 million promotion compaign, the biggest at any point, was propelled by the Chamber of Commerce and the Business Roundtable. There were numerous in the governing body worried about conceding changeless facilitated commerce to China because of Chinas history of human rights infringement including strict oppression, refusal of political rights and work issues. The bill was shut to alterations and most Republicans upheld the bill. Be that as it may, it was not satisfactory if there would be sufficient votes to guarantee section of the bill. Composed work was the greatest adversary of the bill. Indeed, even Vice President Al Gore broke positions with the president and said the bill would just move American employments to China. Enormous organizations campaigned vigorously on the side of the bill. Representative George Bush and General Colin Powell were even approached to help persuade unsure Republicans to help the Democratic presidents objectives. The bill passed the House without any revisions by a shockingly wide edge. The business network released a phenomenal crusade that was difficult for anybody to coordinate, said the leader of the United Auto Workers. The bill was then given to the Senate and promptly a few adversaries of the bill started a delay. A cloture, motional requiring 60 Senators to cutâ off banter, was actuated and scores of revisions offered by Senators fizzled. The bill went without revision with a 85-15 vote. The procedure for entry of the China Trade Act of 2000 took around 1 year all the way. Sentiment It is intriguing that a Democratic president campaigned intensely for a generally Republican stage. I am likewise happy to see that numerous from the two gatherings cooperated to achieve a significant objective. The procedure to pass a bill is an extensive procedure. Legislators and specific vested parties felt energetic about his issue, making some split from their gathering arrangement, get positions together with the restricting party, and anteroom vigorously to guarantee section of this bill.

Introduction to Culture and Imperialism Free Essays

Prologue to Culture and Imperialism Edward Said Culture is something that evade an exact definition. A portion of the different notable definitions are refered to by Said in his different works. For example: â€Å"Culture is the scholarly, collected understanding of the networks, and it comprises of socially transmitted examples of conduct. We will compose a custom paper test on Prologue to Culture and Imperialism or on the other hand any comparative subject just for you Request Now † The last investigation of definition comes down to â€Å"socially transmitted examples of behavior†, and bodes well, however like different definitions, it also can't be taken as careful and convincing. Said likewise refers to anthropologist Clifford Greety’s definition, An arranged arrangement of implications and images as far as which social collaboration happens, and social framework is simply the example of social association. † This definition as well, has halfway significance to what culture adds up to. Said appears to be more in concurrence with Matthew Arnold who views culture as, â€Å"each society’s supply of the best that has been known and thought†. Edward Said’s whole expert life was committed to the educating of writing. As his basic standpoint was impacted by his pioneer social foundation, he was unable to help searching for imperialistic ramifications in writing. Dominion also doesn't fit a total convincing definition, however it is more effectively conceivable than the word culture. For a significant conversation, Solomon Modell’s meaning of dominion makes a decent guarantee. He says, â€Å"Imperialism is a strategy of broadening a country’s power past its own fringes to abuse different terrains and others by building up financial, social and political command over them. † Said gives a refreshed rendition of Modell’s definition in the accompanying words† Imperialism implies the training, the hypothesis and the mentality of an overwhelming metropolitan place that leads a far off region. † It is evident that the association in colonialism happens between the overwhelming and ruled country. That connection never creates in kinship, as a result of doubt and hatred on either side. The overwhelmed country never acknowledges the belief system and demeanor of ruling country. The best model is the Indo-Pak Sub- Continent, for example, around 200 years of British standard couldn't bring kinship among Indians and British government. Writing not question is the reflection of culture. Said despises the general mentality of the pundits and perusers who never care to take a gander at the social parts of crafted by fiction, similar to crafted by Carlyle, Ruskin or Even Dickens. Then again, he respects Conrad’s industriousness as he conjectures the relentless turmoil and mismanagement of the Latin American republics and singles out North America’s specific method for impacting conditions in a definitive, yet scarcely noticeable way. He adulated â€Å"The Heart of Darkness† by Conrad. Discussing the association between imperialistic system and colonized country, he considers culture as a defensive fenced in area where settler should stop to check his governmental issues before he enters the entryway. â€Å"I thought that it was a test not to see culture in this way†, says Edward Said. Since the way of life incorporates philosophy and perspectives of a country, any exertion with respect to settler to repress the way of life of a country conjures brutal protections. Palestine, Kashmir and Iraq are adept representations of the opposition, which brings about blood demonstrations of battling and psychological warfare. Training, is the field, through which radical finds most straightforward access to the way of life of the oppressed country. As the vast majority of the underdeveloped nations are in reverse in instruction, radicals dispatch purported programs for instructive turn of events, to accomplish their objective. English did this by setting up state-administered schools and universities, the educational program was intended to create minor authorities in modest English dress, talking insecure English. Prologue to culture and government is an exact evaluation of current world situation around us. It is an admonition for individuals of the world against imperialistic methodology of US. Cold War has made US the sole force, being uncommon. During the Cold War, US needed to contribute for the financial advancement of the underdeveloped nations. Its demeanor was delicate and plaint. It needed to regard the command of the UNO. On account of US animosity, the casualty state could conjure the intercession of USSR, which US could bear to overlook. With the built fall of USSR, US rose as oneself selected master of the world. Muslim activists bunches were made, prepared, composed and financed to cause the fall of USSR. These gatherings were made to accept that it was the war among Islam and socialism. Overwhelming transfers of modern arms were provided to those warriors. Pakistan additionally needed to follow through on an overwhelming cost by having a significant impact in the defeat of USSR. Islam came to be the following objective of the sole Super Power of the world, as a potential test in the years to come. The oil-rich Iraq has just been laid midriff in the heartless chase of WMDs. Afghanistan that led the war against socialism, is presently primary objective in the chase of Osama. In any case, the force alcoholic Super Power doesn't make a big deal about supports for whatever it does, inasmuch as it stays at the top. UNO is additionally vulnerable in such manner. US embraced the acquisition strategy. Indeed, even psychological oppression is the selective prorogation of the sole Super Power. The prorogation incorporates characterizing atomic expansion, and in this manner Iran is directly on the hit list, while Pakistan prone to be the following objective, gets an infrequent snarl from US organization. During nineteenth century huge force was gathered in Britain and France because of industrialization. It was phenomenal and more considerable than intensity of Rome, Baghdad, Spain and Constantinople. In the later years, US likewise concocted Britain and France and that was pinnacle of West mastery. The ascent was quick to the point that pace of procurement of remote region had ascended to 247,000 square miles for every year in 1914. During this time, US was sent as a realm. After extension of North American domain, Plans were set forthcoming through mediation to Philippines, the Caribbean, Central America, the Middle East, Vietnam and Korea. Edward Said obviously names as Imperialism whatever US is doing the world over. He says, â€Å"The objective of the US strategy is to bring a world progressively subject to the standard of law, and it is the United States, which sorts out the harmony and characterizes the law. US forces the universal interests by setting the standard procedures for financial turn of events and military advancement over the planet. † Edward Said places his trust in a continuous advancement of mindfulness, finishing in a considerable, efficient opposition that would in the long run compel US to think savvy before intruding with sway of different states, yet this arrangement relies on the quantities of variables which could conceivably meet up and it might take ages before they come. Step by step instructions to refer to Introduction to Culture and Imperialism, Essay models

Engineering Challenges In Civil Engineering In The 21st Century - 1100 Words

Engineering Challenges In Civil Engineering In The 21st Century (Essay Sample) Content: Name Institution Course Instructor Date Engineering Challenges in Civil Engineering in the 21st Century Civil engineers are facing a myriad of challenges in modern society. They are handling a world’s grandest difficulties, from supplying vitality, to keeping up the earth, to creating the foundation for quickly developing urban environments. Engineers' focus has to be multi-faceted, multi-disciplined and comprehensive to handle these challenges. Engineers convey their discoveries and thoughts additionally gain from different settings and orders so as to comprehend more extensive issues. The capacity of engineers to open up successful correspondence channels is vital because such channels assume a crucial part in affecting positive changes to government policy. The field of engineering is changing quickly as the growing world population puts additional demands on the resources of the earth. Engineering choices must now account for the limitations of material s and energy as well as the need to diminish releases of wastes. The implication of this is that instructors must change courses and educational module so that engineering graduates are ready for the new difficulties as practicing engineers. The 21st century presents a lot of engineering challenges in civil engineering. There is a constant challenge that civil engineers do not receive the appropriate preparation for the real world. As the human population is becoming more crowded, there are associated implications. The result for the ever-increasing numbers is more pollution and consumption. According to Haldar, all natural scales, from local to global, have faced an alteration at a very rapid rate (96). Over the past few years, the engineering practice has had its basis on the paradigm of controlling nature rather than cooperating with it. An issue of equivalent significance is the instruction of engineers keen on tending to issues particular to creating groups. These incorp orate water provisioning and cleaning, sanitation, power generation, asylum, site arranging, framework, sustenance creation and dissemination, and correspondence, among numerous others. Such issues are not tended to in the engineering educational module in the United States, notwithstanding. In this manner, the engineers are not instructed to address the needs of the most down and out individuals on the planet, a considerable lot of them living in industrialized nations. This fact is lamentable because an expected 20 percent of the world's population needs clean water, 40 percent needs sufficient sanitation, and 20 percent needs satisfactory lodging (Haldar, 97). A career in civil engineering demands a mix of specialized learning and inventiveness to take care of issues and conveys the obligation to change the surroundings and enhance the lives of a large number of individuals. The real challenge emerges when the field requires the civil engineer to have both technical knowledge and creativity to solve the problems. The have a further extra mile to run in resolving problems facing the world’s large population to enhance sustainability in the environment. Moreover, a professional civil engineer needs an exc3elent team, worker. The team worker will help the engineer put the skills into practice. The engineer will also have to coordinate activities and cooperate with others in other disciplines to move out of specialism (Muir, 101). Civil engineers face a challenge of getting an engineering job and beginning their career. The main problem is a simple lack of knowledge. The reason for this is that many engineering schools do not equip their students with the engineering employment market knowledge that they require. As much as many civil engineers may be applying for jobs online, they hardly know that the companies receive over 300 applications from one advertisement. Finding an engineering work is hectic and may lead to frustrations in the process ( Zhu, 54). To counter this trend, they can try visiting and networking component suppliers especially in tough times (Chang, 64). The desire for technically challenging work that draws on intellectual abilities civil engineers acquired from the engineering school proves to be a challenge in the 21st century. Such jobs where the technical challenge is obvious are few. Apparently, they find themselves in the job where they cannot see any technical challenge. As such, they cannot apply the knowledge they acquired from school directly. It becomes monotony and a boring experience not to apply any knowledge they spent years digging for in education (Chang, 69). Getting people to get excited about the right things civil engineers do becomes an unavoidable challenge. Most of the civil engineering challenges are socio-technical. The reason is that several people are preoccupied with things going on in their lives. It is hard to get them excited the things they do, especially if they ha ve to work hard. Engineers who have encountered such problems gave not looked back. What is fascinating is that they relish their intellectual challenges while understanding that it is about people and technical issues. The global environment is shrinking and as such, the engineering work is becoming more challenging, connected and collaborative. According to Haldar, there is a tedious and time-...

Jackson Automotive Essay - 823 Words

BACKGROUND Jackson Automotive Systems is an Original Equipment Manufacturer located in Jackson, Michigan. Larry Edwards is the president of the company. It is operating in automotive parts industry with product lines in advanced heating and air conditioning systems, engine cooling systems and parts and fuel injection and transfer systems. The company experienced fast growth, was stable during the global recession period and has steady rebuilding of sales since 2010 with substantial backlog of orders. In September 2012, Edwards decided to repurchase stocks from a group of dissident shareholders. He planned to use $5 million short-term loan and $5 million in excess cash on its balance sheet to facilitate for this buyback, which would†¦show more content†¦Shipment delays due to material shortages caused shortfall in April-May actual sales. Given the issues above, Jackson really needs additional loan to operate the business without further delay in their order fulfillment. Howev er, the challenge of the company is whether it is able to pay off the loan by September 2013 as Edwards proposed to the bank. ANALYSIS Jackson Automotive has two major events occurred between August 2012 and May 2013. These two events put the company into a challenging financial situation, which caused the company unable to repay its loan on time. The first one is the repurchase of stock at 10,000, in which half of them was funded by short-term loan ($5 million) and the cash on hand. By using cash (source of fund) to fund for this repurchase, Jackson Automotive has used 60% of the source of fund available for the company. In addition, borrowing the bank loan has increased the debt ratio from 23% in August to 42% in September (see exhibit 1). This repurchase decision also affects the debt to equity ratio, which went from 0.3 in August to 0.73 in September. This means that the company has less financial stable than before, and more risky to the creditors and investors. These negative effects could lead to the less solvency ability of the company. Besides that, the company also purchased significant inventory in April and May, used about 30% source of fund, which led to the dramatic increase inventory to sales ratio from 1.1 to 3.2 (seeShow MoreRelatedJackson Automotive Case Study2377 Words   |  10 PagesCase Study Jackson Automotive Systems Executive Summary Jackson Automotive Systems is an Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) that supplies parts for the automobile industry. Jackson Automotive Systems is currently operated by the president, Larry Edwards, and was founded in 1961 by Larry Edward’s father. Jackson Automotive Systems has been operated largely as a cash only business with very little if any debt outstanding typically. The 2008 financial crisis was a difficult time for all participantsRead MoreA Speech On The Rotary Club2424 Words   |  10 Pagesfunding is clearly inadequate. 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Edmunds consultancy predicts 2014 sales of over 16 million, only one million units below the year 2000 sales record. Kristin Dziczek, a specialist at the Center for Automotive Research in Ann Arbor, says the post-great recession U.S. The auto industry is now highly competitive versus all global rivals. The United States auto industry is dominated by five major auto manufacturers: GM, Toyota, Ford, Cerberus (which ownsRead MoreMergers and Acquisitions in Automobile Industry9279 Words   |  38 PagesDetails 2 1.4 Academic Advisor 2 2. Topic of Research 3 2.1 Research Topic 3 2.3 Statement of Purpose 3 3.1 Introduction to Mergers Acquisitions in Automotive Industry 4 3.2 Rationale of research project 4 3.3 Statement of Research Objectives 4 4. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK 5 4.1 Mergers Acquisitions 5 4.2 Recent Trends in Automotive Mergers Acquisitions 5 4.3 Debates in the field of M A 6 4.4 Key Research components 6 4.5. Schematic Diagram 7 5. LITERATURE REVIEW 8 5.1 MergersRead MoreAuto Industry Analysis in Pakistan8638 Words   |  35 PagesMoeen Nasir, (CASE) in their report published in International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, has identified that automobile sector has huge economic potential and the study identified the prevalent condition of productivity in automotive manufacturing industry of Pakistan and indicated the possible areas for enhancing productivity. The findings of this research have revealed that effective utilization of role of technology can enhance the productivity of Pakistani manufacturingRead MoreStrategic Hrm: Case Study of Luxury Cars2417 Words   |  10 Pagescompanies adopt different business and HR strategies. For this study focuses on works of two authors Porter (1980) who has classified business competitive strategy into three types: cost leadership, differentiation, and focus and of that of Schuler and Jackson (1987) who has classified business strategy into three types: cost redu ction, innovation, and quality enhancement (Huang 1999). At the end it would try to reach at an particular point where by the help of the practical and secondary data it can identifyRead MoreAnalysis of Bmw8493 Words   |  34 Pagesobtaining key suppliers of incumbent firms or are forced to search for alternatives, which will cause extra costs. Bargaining Power of Suppliers Automobile producers are generally able to dictate their terms to suppliers. First, because automotive parts are standardised commodities and are merely used on automobiles (Bradley et al. 2005), which therefore means that suppliers sell their products only to a small number of large firms (Hanson et al. 2005). Second, because backward integration

Misunderstanding Racial Identity free essay sample

Misunderstanding Racial Identity The wrong interpretation of race has caused racism and prejudice problems, which have been passed from generation to generation. In America, where there is a large diversity, more people are guilty of â€Å"categorizing† others by using race and stereotypes. The incorrect â€Å"sorting† of individuals has become more evident on T. V, daily life, and current political and public views. In this text, I will explore some of the ways in which popular culture contributes to the dangerous trend of perpetuating and promoting unjust classifications through the use of stereotypes. Today, we identify people in such a way that people’s emotions are affected. Media has an immense impact on this because that is how people keep up-to-date with popular culture. Also agreeing with my perspective is Omi, who states that â€Å"Popular culture has been an important realm within which racial ideologies [that] provide a framework of symbols, concepts, and images through which we understand, interpret, and represent aspects of our â€Å"racial existence† (Pg. 628). The way that media present people from different cultures influences the way we develop prejudices. By looking at these features, we come up with ideas (or stereotypes) about the people that are being presented. I consider myself as a person that gets categorized by other people and also participate in categorizing because I am like any other human being that criticizes people’s actions, appearance, the way they speak, etc. While judging others, we come up with assumptions about them and classify them into a group or category. Based on the image that we form, we construct their identity in our minds and consequently treat people based on that image we have created of them. The classification of people into groups is so grave that global issues have occurred and are likely to keep occurring. For example, consider slavery; Europeans made a hierarchy of races putting African Americans at the bottom of the list. If we recall, African Americans became slaves in the United States and were treated with cruelty because they were seen as the lowest class that had no rights. Since a large portion of Americans viewed African American as the lowest class, the belief has remained throughout generations, therefore; many Americans still classify African Americans as the lowest class. Many times advertisement is a way in which specific groups are targeted and this can be offensive to the group because the commercials, ads, or posters present stereotypes instead. Propaganda and advertisement are meant to appeal to the attention of certain groups, but when the groups are racially targeted, it is a problem that we should strive to resolve to better our communities. Other situations where stereotypes are observable are when we watch Television. For example, when a Hispanic family is presented along with violence and maltreatment, the stereotype of â€Å"macho† and violent men is spread throughout society. As a result of such events portrayed by the media, we form perceptions about people or groups, and in our minds generalize the situations by applying it to a whole race. Stereotypes are not limited to advertisements and music but are also seen on daily life situations as well. For example, I have noticed the changing attitudes about racial identities in my community some of these changing attitudes are reflected by the way certain members of the community are classifying others based on racial or ethnic membership. According to the CNN Wire Staff, the city of San Bernardino in California went into bankruptcy in the year of 2012 (â€Å"San Bernardino Files for Bankruptcy† 1). As a result, different ethnic groups were blaming racial groups for this situation. A couple of days later, I heard an Anglo-Saxon American leader of a business association blaming African Americans and Hispanics for the bankruptcy. He blamed African Americans communities for wasting money and having countless babies that took a lot of money to maintain. Moreover, he said that there were too many Hispanics taking away jobs and making San Bernardino look bad by having so many illegals living in it. As we can notice there is tension between racial groups and consequently, we are all affected. In daily life situations divisions like these occur because of stereotypes and intolerance that overwhelm our community. Another situation that reflects stereotypes in daily life includes checkpoint locations by the police. In suburban areas where the majority of the population is white, checkpoints are rare to nonexistent because those communities are made up of â€Å"the best† race: the Caucasian. In urban areas where minorities inhabit, checkpoints are much more often seen because the locations are meant to target to specific races. For example, Hispanics that often don’t have their driving licenses or legal papers or African American that have pending tickets to pay because they can’t afford to pay them off. Omi agrees when he says, â€Å"Dramatic instances of racial tension and violence merely constitute the surface manifestations of a deeper racial organization of American Society – a system of inequality† (Pg. 625). As Omi states, there is â€Å"inequality† and â€Å"racial segregation† (Pg. 26) as can be noted in the fact that people are classified by race and not by their nationality. Race is not a way to identify people because not everyone is the same within the race even though we have similar looks. Our bad habit of identifying by race will keep creating problems especially now that there is an increase of mixed races. Popul ar culture has made its debut in current political and public views. As some of us have experienced, living in a racially divided America creates discomfort not only for foreigners, but also for native-born Americans as well. Today we see people being categorized into a racial group which closes doors for people even if they belong to a traditional American family. The Caucasian race is known to have the highest rate of people who have a college degree, but some doors are closed on them because they have appearance that resemble to those of minority races. For example, many people in these types of situations encounter different challenges, like not finding jobs in the United States because sometimes they are mistakenly distinguished as a race they don’t belong to. Although America is supposed to represent equality, discrimination in employment, schooling, and housing is present. Identification by race is incorrect because it negatively affects society to the point that it can lead to severe cases of discrimination, causing the violation of civil rights. By looking at other â€Å"races† as less than others, we are discriminating against people, and it is something that we notice some people do today. For example, people think that every black person is the same and consequently assume that all African Americans are delinquents. Many African Americans, Cubans, Puerto Ricans, Jamaicans and members of other nationalities that are of black descent, face discrimination today when in restaurants, renting apartments, buying a car, and many other services. I am a witness of this because I have been living in apartments since I came to the United States. Where I currently live, we have a Hispanic manager that admits she doesn’t like to rent apartments to black people because they are troublemakers. This is denying African Americans the right to live there, which is known as racial discrimination. Discrimination by race is becoming something that more people are struggling today with because in our popular culture, it is becoming acceptable to divide people and groups by their racial identity. In the speech, A More Perfect Union, Obama said, â€Å"I believe deeply that we cannot solve the challenges of our time, unless we solve them together, unless we perfect our union† (Pg. 1). I believe solving our challenges would require getting rid of the racial classifications because that way there wouldn’t be divisions based solely on skin color. In other words, we would become united and represent one nation, not one race. Working together we would reach our goals, or if we don’t have goals, at least we could help others attain them. There would be a better representation of the American culture, the American people, and of ourselves even if we don’t belong to this nation. We come to this nation because this is where we want to accomplish what we aim for, but the path becomes narrower because of the difficulties popular culture presents. If we were united, there would only be one direction, no races that want to stay away from each other, and we could all move forward together without taking race into consideration. To conclude, to get rid of racial identification and to achieve union in our society, we must limit the use of stereotypes, prejudices, and racial categories that are presented by popular culture. Instances of racial categorization have become more common on T. V, daily life, political and public views because our popular culture has gradually accepted racial identification. Calling or identifying others by stereotypes should be something illegal because it not only affects our emotions, but also the development of our self-identity. It is true that we have the freedom of speech but there are certain limits when it is using discriminative words because we cannot interfere with others’ pursuit of happiness. By sorting individuals by stereotypes we are putting their race down; this sometimes causes a sentiment of ethnocentrism, a belief that the race we belong in is superior to the rest, in our communities which can cause even more divisions and tensions. If we stop using race as part of our identity on papers as they did on the census, we could make a change because individuals would probably see themselves as what they really are, and not an assumption of what they are being forced to consider themselves as. In addition, a lot of job applications, government papers, and other documents have race as a way for applicants to describe their identity. That is something that we should stop using in papers and instead only include our real identity, which are nationality, ethnicity, hair color, eye color etc. , but not including skin color. When we use skin color as our identity, I have noticed that people criticize by the way we look and not the true individual with traditions, beliefs, and morals. Works Cited CNN, Wire Staff. San Bernardino Files for Bankruptcy. CNN. Cable News Network, 2 Aug. 2012. Web. 19 Apr. 2013. . Omi, Michael. In Living Color: Race and American Culture. Signs of Life in the U. S. A: Readings on Popular Culture for Writers. By Sonia Maasik and J. Fisher Solomon. Boston, MA: Bedford/St. Martins, 2012. N. 626. Print. Obama, Barack. A More Perfect Union. Huffingtonpost. com. TheHuffingtonPost. com, Inc. , 25 May 2011. Web. 29 Apr. 2013. .

Review of Related Literature of Volcano Tourism in the Philippines Essay Example

Review of Related Literature of Volcano Tourism in the Philippines Essay Review of Related Literature The travel and tourism industry is the world’s largest and most diverse industry . In a report of World Tourism Organization entitled International Tourism, it has pointed out the desire to standardize the definitions in the tourism industry throughout the world. This shows that tourism is an industry at its mature stage. Standardization has been a product of the big growth of demand for this industry. Meanwhile, studies show that there is a present shift of tourism growth in Asia. Asia has experienced a great increase in tourism for the past years. Southeast Asia, in particular has experienced the fasted growth in tourism. Tourism contributes significantly to 11 of the 12 countries that account for 80% of the worlds poor. Seven of these countries are in Asia, namely, Bangladesh, Peoples Republic of China, India, Indonesia, Nepal, Pakistan, and the Philippines. In fact, tourism in Asia is in a thriving condition. Since 1990, the Asia-Pacific region has become an increasingly important tourist destination, and it is the fastest-growing region for international tourism worldwide. The Philippines is trying to catch on with the key players of the Southeast Asian tourism, according to the World Tourism Organization (WTO) study. The double digit gain is attributed to growth of global tourism business; increase travel to the Asia Pacific region; and aggressive and sustained marketing of the Philippines through the WOW Philippines. The United States remained the top tourism source for the Philippines. Japan and Republic of Korea followed The figures are very promising. The Philippines reported that tourism products such as health, sports, nature and adventure, ecotourism, convention and business have been aggressively promoted by the Department of Tourism both in international and local tourism forum. We will write a custom essay sample on Review of Related Literature of Volcano Tourism in the Philippines specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Review of Related Literature of Volcano Tourism in the Philippines specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Review of Related Literature of Volcano Tourism in the Philippines specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer In addition, new types of tourism products are continually being developed by the government in coordination with the private sector and local government units not only to attract more tourists but to promote a more quality tourism experience. The simple concept of tourism has transformed into many specializations such as sustainable tourism, peace through tourism†, poverty reduction through tourism and â€Å"nature-based tourism†. Furthermore, it has shifted from being a collective effort of the entire government to it being decentralized. And different studies have now embarked on focusing on these trends. Holistic Approach Holistic approach to developments has been greatly considered. Within this holistic approach are the concepts of ecotourism and sustainable development. This ‘general’ approach has been attributed to the Agenda 21 which was a product of the â€Å"Earth Summit† in Rio de Janeiro in 1992. In the said summit, also known as the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development, the concept of sustainable development – a development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of the future generations to meet their own needs—was introduced. Within the scope of the said summit, are the principles for guiding action on environment and development. Since then, developments have geared towards addressing the social, economic and environmental dimensions of sustainable development. Ever since, these outlook on developments have been considered. Safeguards for environmental protection and cultural sensitivity should be developed and enforced, together with effective land use planning, zoning, and regulation. Most importantly, a sensitive balance between destination marketing and destination preparedness needs to be maintained. Studies have assimilated and promoted such perspectives. In a joint publication of WTO, the World Travel Tourism Council, and the Earth Council entitled: â€Å"Agenda 21 for the Travel and Tourism Industry† practical steps that governments and private tourism companies can take to implement the goals of the Rio Earth Summit and make the future of the tourism sector and our entire planet more sustainable. For example, in China similar approaches have been taken into consideration as it explores the relationship between development and conservation. In a paper on the mentioned perspective, said that both conservation and development, if working harmoniously together, lead to the best approach.. Eco-tourism One aspect of tourism which has greatly been considered is eco-tourism. As climate change guilt among tourists grows, many tourist attractions are touting their environmental credentials in an effort to cash in on the eco tag. We define nature-based tourism as the segment of the tourism market in which people travel with the primary purpose of visiting a natural destination. If we were to draw an imaginary line through the tourism industry, with one side (the smaller side) representing sustainable tourism and the other side representing non-sustainable tourism, then nature-based tourism and cultural tourism, etc. would span the divide. We equate ecotourism with nature-based tourism that falls on the sustainable side of the line, where impact on the local environment and human communities is low, direct financial benefits accrue to conservation efforts and the local communities, there is respect for local cultures and needs, and the experience builds environmental awareness. As the demand for tourism grows, the notions for eco-tourism sometimes drift away from its original goals. Studies have been conducted on eco-tourism which aims to standardize its goals purposes. For instance, a study has pointed out the simplistic understanding of eco-tourism as the overlap between nature and sustainability. Ecotourism projects must go beyond prevailing notions of the overlap between nature tourism and sustainable tourism(1) to encompass the social dimensions of productive organization and environmental conservation. Ecotourism must do more than create a series of activities to attract visitors, offering them an opportunity to interact with nature in such a way as to make it possible to preserve or enhance the special qualities of the site and its flora and fauna, while allowing local inhabitants and future visitors to continue to enjoy these qualities. They must also establish a durable productive base to allow the local inhabitants and eco-tourist service providers to enjoy a sustainable standard of living while offering these services. These trends have been monitored by organizations such as WTO. A lot of studies have been conducted being able to go into great new heights in understanding and implementing the views on tourism. Studies on the tourism industry have indeed brought more light on the once simple notion of tourism as the act of travelling. Its complexity has brought up studies on specialized areas in different and diverse settings. Volcano Tourism Volcano tourism although have long been an industry, have not been a popular study. This could be attributed to the nature of volcano tourism, which is very specialized. But nevertheless studies about it have been considered. Countries have greatly dealt with specializations of their tourism industries. And volcano tourism has been harnessed by countries that have sufficient resources. El Salvador for instance has mentioned in their National Plan of Tourism 2014 the importance of specializing tourism by identifying the country’s strength. â€Å"It turns out interesting to develop a supply of specialized nature that leans in identifiable and competitive advantages. The United States and European countries constitutes the main markets of reference in the international scope for the nature tourism. .. it requires a strategy of innovation and diversification Within the framework of the thematic tourism of nature he is feasible to differentiate diverse slopes †¦volcano tourism, the scientific tourism, the photographic tourism, agroturismo, ornithological tourism, etc â€Å" Some papers done in China which dwells on such area of interest are: â€Å"Research on Volcanic Tourism Resources and Their Development and Utilization† and â€Å"The Development of Volcano Tourism Resources and Ecological Conservation in Zhanjiang†. Both papers discuss the role of volcano tourism resources on the success of the proposed development of eco-cultural tourism. Through such papers, this specialized form of tourism appends even more variables. Some key variables of volcano tourism are its volcanic resources, volcanic tourism resources, volcanic ecology, and volcanic culture. Thus volcanic tourism in the context of a holistic approach involves a wide spectrum of factors and issues. Furthermore, through these papers, one would have an overview of needs and possibilities of such developments. It is said that volcano tourism is a rare tourism resource. Author Guo Jinjie of Greenpeace China has pointed the value of the landscape features and geological structures volcanoes possess. This implies that developments around the vicinities of volcanoes are site specific as volcanoes takes many forms and natural features. Aside from the features of this natural wonder, the presence of different sectors which interacts with it has been noted as well. Volcanoes shape not only the Earth’s surface but also the course of human history. Eruptions have contributed to the downfall of civilizations, changed the course of wars, and, more frequently, destroyed whole cities killing thousands of inhabitants. On the positive side, volcanoes make fertile lands that are the source of livelihood for numerous people all around the globe. One of the most interesting aspects of visiting a volcano is learning how its eruptions have affected the local people and their culture. Equally fascinating is to find out how the current population views the volcano: feelings run from pride to terror, depending largely on the frequency and character of the predominant eruptions. In itself, volcano tourism is very varied. The Volcanic Hazards Despite of the hazards volcanoes pose to life, studies show how people would prefer to stay within the vicinity of the volcanoes because of the great opportunities and potentials it renders. The USGS has pointed out the following reasons: fertile soils, geothermal energy, mineral resources, industrial products, business opportunities, recreation and tourism. It should be emphasized that the short-term hazards posed by volcanoes are balanced by benefits of volcanism and related processes over geologic time. Thus has led to even more study about its hazard in the view of keeping volcanic areas ‘safer’. Moreover, any development should consider a lot of things other than profit. In an article, it pointed out that the positive thing is we get people outdoors, appreciating the spectacle of nature. The downside is people sometimes get taken to the wrong place at the wrong time. Volcanic hazards are crucial elements to consider in any development around volcanic vicinities. Much has been studied about the hazards of volcanoes around the world. Government organizations like the U. S. Geological Survey (USGS) as well as the Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS) have conducted various studies about the natural hazards of volcanoes. The unique relationship between human settlements and volcanoes has been grounds for the researches done. There are many discussions in the geophysics literature of the types and nature of volcanic eruptive behavior. In the social science literature there are discussions of public education strategies for hazards, controlling access to dangerous locations and evacuation systems. Key techniques have been explored with regards with human safety. Three critical social management techniques are commonly described: public education, access controls and evacuation systems. Furthermore, research has been done on areas where the volcanic hazards and tourism converge. In an article, it tried to highlight that tourism industry should be given more attention when it comes with disaster management. Tourism and natural disasters are not commonly associated, but they some-times have geographical congruence. An examination of the 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens and the 1985 East Kootenay forest fires reveals how tourism factors fit the general model of natural-disaster planning. Evidence suggests that tourism should be given more attention in disaster planning. A study had shown the key role of a multidisciplinary approach in reducing the social impact of volcanic hazards through assisting communities, organizations, and individuals following an eruption and, importantly, during quiescent periods. Meanwhile another paper looks into the capacity of resilience of traditional societies and the concurrent degree of cultural change rely on four factors, namely: the nature of the hazard, the pre-disaster socio-cultural context and capacity of resilience of the community, the geographical setting, and the rehabilitation policy set up by the authorities. These factors significantly vary in time and space, from one disaster to another. Vulnerability of communities to such hazards has also been studied. In one paper, vulnerability is discussed relative to psychological factors namely: sense of community, coping style and self-efficacy) is used to investigate this issue. BIBLIOGRAPHY: Agence France-Presse, Southeast Asian Toursim Industry Going for a Greenerimage, Inquire- Business, July 10 2008. Cezayirli, Gulfer. Fast-Growing Asian Tourism Should Enlist Help of the Urban Poor. Manila, Philippines: ADB, 2003 Chuck Y. Gee, International Tourism: A Global Perspective. ; Chuck Y. Gee, International Tourism: A Global Perspective, (2007) David Barkin, Ecotourism: A Tool for Sustainable Development (Mexico, 1996). Gulfer Cezayirli, Fast-Growing Asian Tourism Should Enlist Help of the Urban Poor (Manila, Philippines: ADB, 2003). Guo Jinjie, The Development of Volcano Tourism Resources and Ecological Conservation in Zhanjiang, Greenpeace China (2005). Integrated Rega Technology Utilization for Eco-Tourism Parks Development Baron Village, Yogyakarta, (National Technical Experts (P. T. Chazaro Gerbang Internasional), 2004). Jinjie; Rosaly Lopes, The Volcano Adventure Guide (U. K. : Cambridge University Press, 2005). Lopes, Rosaly. The Volcano Adventure Guide. U. K. : Cambridge University Press, 2005. Sanjay Kumar Verma, International Association of Tourism Co-Operatives, in Cooperatives and Tourism : An Asian Perspective (Cartagena (Colombia): 2005). Verma, Sanjay Kumar. International Association of Tourism Co-Operatives. In Cooperatives and Tourism : An Asian Perspective. Cartagena (Colombia), 2005.

Pretty Woman - 1980s Economy, Class, and Gender Relations essays

Pretty Woman - 1980s Economy, Class, and Gender Relations essays The 1980s was the time of The Reagan Revolution. Reagan used supply-side economics as a way to justify cutting taxes. This held in that tax reductions towards investors and businesses would create more jobs and set the economy on a better path. Another issue that was gaining momentum was the womens movement. Many social and economic changes were happening during the 80s; this can be seen in the pop culture of the 80s. Pretty Woman (1990) is an example hereof. A movie where one of the main characters is a prostitute, Vivian Ward and the other is a business tycoon, Edward Lewis. These two individuals come from completely different social classes, and their authority on others is on different levels. I want to argue that Pretty Woman shows the division between classes and the economic aftereffects of the Reagan-era and that women, as portrayed in the movie, only had glimpses of independence. Pretty Womans portrayal of class differences can be seen throughout the movie. In the opening scenes, this is characterized by lighting, Edwards scene is well-lit and the surroundings are clean. In contrast, Vivians scene is dark with a messy environment along with mutilated photographs. This reflects the differences in their living situations. Another scene that stands out is when Vivian goes shopping the first time to buy a cocktail dress. The saleswomen on Rodeo Drive do not want anything to do with Vivian. They simply tell her I dont think we have anything for you. Youre obviously in the wrong place. Please leave (Pretty Woman). This is said to Vivian even after she says that she has money to spend. Because she is dressed in revealing attire that does not resemble that of a middle- or upper-class woman, she is denied help and asked to leave. Max Weber writes: Status position is not determined by class position alone: possession of money or the position of entrepreneur are not ...